如何把【间接】引语改成【直接】引语(英语)
引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句.直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等.
1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导.例如：
She said,“I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.
He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导.例如：
He asked me,“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
He asked,“Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
注意：大多数情况下,if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether.例如：
She asked me whether or not he could do the work./ She asked me whether he could do the work or not.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where 等引导.例如：
He asked:“Where are you to get off,John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.
My sister asked me,“How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me,“Who was the boy over there?”
4.直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order (命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成.如：
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.
“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化：如：
1) Betty said,“Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 现在进行时→
Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-过去进行时
2) He said,“I will go to London next week.” 一般将来时→
He said he would go to London next week.过去将来时
3) My mother said,“I have already cleaned the house.” 现在完成时→
My mother said she had already cleaned the house.过去完成时
注意:
1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态.例如：
They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there come→go等.例如：
He said,“I haven’t seen them today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.
但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等.总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化.
3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序
１.He said that he was tired. 2. Jim said that he had read J.K.Rowling`s Harry Potter V. 3. Lily answered that Mary and she were having a face-to-face talk then. 4.The expert said that they would finish their survey the next day. 5. Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of fact in her diary. 6. She said, " Miss Liu is good at English." 7.The man said that the earth gose around the sun. 8.The old man answered that he had been born on June 17th ，1900. 9.Mary said, "I will go to Shanghai this summer." 10. Tom asked me if I went home every weekend. 11.My friend asked if my losing cat was white or black. 12.Jane asked if Dan would come back safe and sound. 13.Daming asked me where I had bought the T-shirt. 14.The professor asked what I had gone through. 15.He asked me, "Did you visit Beijing two years ago?"
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film
直接引语转换成间接引语 1.标点：冒号、引号去掉；感叹号、问号改成句号。 2.感叹词（啊、呢、呀、吧、嗨、唉、呦......）去掉 表示程度的词（多、真、太）可改成（很、十分、非常）等 3.人称的变化： （1）引号里的人称： 第一人称（我、我们）改成第三人称（他、她、它、他们、她们、它们） 第三人称（人物姓名）不变 第二人称：a.有说话对象名称时改成说话对象的名称
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